Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a proprietary distance-vector routing protocol invented by Cisco, used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system.
IGRP was created in part to overcome the limitations of RIP (maximum hop count, and a single routing metric) when used within large networks. IGRP supports multiple metrics for each route, [...]
It is one of the core routing protocols in the Internet and works by maintaining a table of IP networks or ‘prefixes’ which designate network reachability between autonomous systems (AS). It is described as a path vector protocol. BGP does not use technical metrics, but makes routing decisions based on network policies or rules. The [...]
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link state Interior Gateway Routing protocol (IGRP). It uses cost as its routing metric.
Some of the features of OSPF are:-
Support for MD5 based authentication
Support for VLSM - Variable Length Subnet Mask (classless routing)
Tagging of routes
OSPF based network can contain multiple smaller networks. OSPF uses both unicast and multicast [...]
RIP is one of the most commonly used routing protocol. It is a type of Interior Gateway Protocol used to dynamically adapting to changes on the network and communicating information about the other routers which can be reached by each router.
RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol employing the hop count as a routing metric. The [...]
A routing protocol is used on a router and allows different computer networks to communicate.
Some of the most popular and commonly used routing protocols are:-
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
The primary function of DNS is to resolve hostname to IP address. These hostname must be a part of a FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). Example of FQDN are www.google.com, www.microsoft.com, news.google.com, mail.google.com where news and mail might refer to hosts that are a part of google.com domain.
The information about hostname and domains are stored [...]
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a cell relay network protocol which encodes data traffic into small fixed-sized (53 byte; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) cells. It is a connection-oriented technology, in which a connection is established between the two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.
ATM sought to resolve the [...]
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Using TCP, applications on networked hosts can create connections to one another, over which they can exchange data in packets. The protocol guarantees reliable and in-order delivery of data from sender to receiver. TCP also distinguishes [...]
Internet Protocol (IP)
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork.
IP is a network layer protocol in the internet protocol suite and is encapsulated in a data link layer protocol (e.g., Ethernet). As a lower layer protocol, IP provides the service of communicable unique global addressing amongst computers. [...]
OSI Model
The Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Model or OSI Reference Model for short) is a layered abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design, developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection initiative. It is also called the OSI seven layer model.
Purpose
The OSI model divides the functions of a protocol into a [...]