In computing world, a protocol is a set of instructions or rules that governs communication between two networking devices. These could be two computers or other network devices. Protocols can be implemented both by hardware and software.
A protocol may be used to define the communication behavior while a standard may be used to define the [...]
In a Star Topology each computer is directly connected to the centralized Hub or a Switch. In this way, when computer A sends a data packet for computer B, the data flows through the Hub or Switch to which both computer A and B are connected. Different types of cables can be used in this [...]
A bus network is a network architecture in which a set of clients are connected via a shared communications line, called a bus. There are several common instances of the bus architecture, including one in the motherboard of most computers, and those in some versions of Ethernet networks.
Bus networks are the simplest way to connect [...]
What is Topology?
A topology is configuration of communication networks and is of two types, Physical and Logical. Physical topology refers to configuration of computers, cables, devices and mostly depends on various factors. A logical topology is a method of transmitting or passing data between workstations.
Types of Physical Topologies
Bus Network (also known as Liner Bus)
Star Topology [...]
Frames are the format of data packets on the wire.
There are several types of Ethernet frame:
Original Ethernet Version I (no longer used)
The Ethernet Version 2 or Ethernet II frame, the so-called DIX frame (named after DEC, Intel, and Xerox), this is the most common today, as it is often used directly by the Internet Protocol.
Novell’s [...]
The following sections provide a brief summary of all the official ethernet media types. In addition to these official standards, many vendors have implemented proprietary media types for various reasons—often to support longer distances over fiber optic cabling.
Many Ethernet cards and switch ports support multiple speeds, using auto-negotiation to set the speed and duplex for [...]
Ethernet is a frame based technology which defines wiring and signaling for the physical layer, and frame formats and protocols for the MAC (Media Access Control, data link layer). Ethernet is mostly standardized as IEEE’s 802.3.
Ethernet, by far is the most widely used LAN standard. Every peer node on the network connected using ethernet has [...]
A collision domain is a logical area in a computer network where data packets can “collide” with one another, in particular in the Ethernet networking protocol. The more collisions in a network the less efficient it is.
A collision domain can be a single segment of Ethernet cable in shared-media Ethernet, or a single Ethernet hub [...]
A broadcast domain is a logical area in a computer network where any computer connected to the computer network can directly transmit to any other in the domain without having to go through a routing device.
More specifically it is an area of the computer network made up of all the computers and networking devices able [...]
Unicast
Unicast is a type of transmission in which information is sent from only one sender to only one receiver. In another words, Unicast transmission is between one-to-one nodes (involving two nodes only).
Examples of Unicast transmission are http, smtp, telnet, ssh, pop3 where the request for information is directed from one sender to only one receiver [...]